Day 21 – 贪吃蛇（下）-Stewed Noodles 资源

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类继承

从现有类继承行为和外观的过程成为类继承。这里的行为和外观分别为类的方法和属性。类继承可以对现有的类进行属性以及方法的扩展。

# Fish类
class Fish:
	def __init__(self):
		"""初始化Fish类"""

# 继承自 Animal 类
class Fisn(Animal):
	def __init__(self):  # Fish 类初始化
		super().__init() # 初始化父类

具体的示例代码

# 父类
class Animal:
    def __init__(self):
        self.num_eyes = 2

    def breath(self):
        print("Inhale, exhale.")

# 子类
class Fish(Animal):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def breath(self):
        super().breath()
        print("doing this in water.")

    def swim(self):
        print("moving in water.")

nemo = Fish()
nemo.breath()
nemo.swim()

检测食物与碰撞

food.py 文件的内容

from turtle import Turtle
import random

class Food(Turtle):
    def __init__(self):
        """食物初始化"""
        super().__init__()
        self.penup()
        self.shape("circle")
        self.color("blue")
        self.speed("fastest")
        self.shapesize(stretch_wid=0.5, stretch_len=0.5)
        self.refresh()

    def refresh(self):
        """刷新食物"""
        random_x = random.randint(-280, 280)
        random_y = random.randint(-280, 280)
        self.goto(random_x, random_y)

main.py文件内容

from turtle import Screen
import time
from snake import Snake
from food import Food

screen = Screen()
# 设置屏幕大小
screen.setup(width=600, height=600)
# 设置背景颜色
screen.bgcolor("black")
# 设置标题
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
# 关闭动画
screen.tracer(0)
# 监听Screen
screen.listen()

snake = Snake()
# 创建食物
food = Food()
# 键盘控制贪吃蛇
screen.onkey(snake.up, "Up")
screen.onkey(snake.down, "Down")
screen.onkey(snake.left, "Left")
screen.onkey(snake.right, "Right")


game_is_on = True
while game_is_on:
    # 关闭动画需要更新屏幕
    screen.update()
    time.sleep(1)
    snake.move()

    # 检测是否吃到食物
    if snake.head.distance(food) < 15:
        food.refresh()
        print("nom, nom, nom")

# 设置点击退出屏幕
screen.exitonclick()

绘制效果，如下所示

创建记分牌记录分值

scoreboard.py文件内容

from turtle import Turtle

class Scoreboard(Turtle):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.score = 0
        # 设置颜色
        self.color("white")
        # 设置记分牌的位置
        self.penup()
        self.goto(0, 270)
        # 设置记分牌
        self.update_score()
        # 隐藏箭头
        self.hideturtle()

    def update_score(self):
        self.write(f"记分牌: {self.score}", False, "center", font=("Arial", 16, "normal"))

    def increase_score(self):
        self.score += 1
        # 清楚之前绘制的内容
        self.clear()
        # 更新分值
        self.update_score()

main.py 文件内容

from turtle import Screen
import time
from snake import Snake
from food import Food
from scoreboard import Scoreboard

screen = Screen()
# 设置屏幕大小
screen.setup(width=600, height=600)
# 设置背景颜色
screen.bgcolor("black")
# 设置标题
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
# 关闭动画
screen.tracer(0)
# 监听Screen
screen.listen()

snake = Snake()
# 创建食物
food = Food()

# 创建记分牌
scoreboard = Scoreboard()


# 键盘控制贪吃蛇
screen.onkey(snake.up, "Up")
screen.onkey(snake.down, "Down")
screen.onkey(snake.left, "Left")
screen.onkey(snake.right, "Right")


game_is_on = True
while game_is_on:
    # 关闭动画需要更新屏幕
    screen.update()
    time.sleep(1)
    snake.move()

    # 检测是否吃到食物
    if snake.head.distance(food) < 15:
        food.refresh()
        scoreboard.increase_score()

# 设置点击退出屏幕
screen.exitonclick()

绘制效果，如下所示

检测墙壁

scoreboard.py文件内容

from turtle import Turtle

ALIGNMENT = "center"
FONT = ("Arial", 16, "normal")

class Scoreboard(Turtle):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.score = 0
        # 设置颜色
        self.color("white")
        # 设置记分牌的位置
        self.penup()
        self.goto(0, 270)
        # 设置记分牌
        self.update_score()
        # 隐藏箭头
        self.hideturtle()

    def update_score(self):
        """更新分值"""
        self.write(f"记分牌: {self.score}", align=ALIGNMENT, font=FONT)

    def game_over(self):
        """游戏结束"""
        self.goto(0, 0)
        self.write("游戏结束", align=ALIGNMENT, font=FONT)

    def increase_score(self):
        """增加分值"""
        self.score += 1
        # 清楚之前绘制的内容
        self.clear()
        # 更新分值
        self.update_score()

main.py 文件内容

from turtle import Screen
import time
from snake import Snake
from food import Food
from scoreboard import Scoreboard

screen = Screen()
# 设置屏幕大小
screen.setup(width=600, height=600)
# 设置背景颜色
screen.bgcolor("black")
# 设置标题
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
# 关闭动画
screen.tracer(0)
# 监听Screen
screen.listen()

snake = Snake()
# 创建食物
food = Food()

# 创建记分牌
scoreboard = Scoreboard()


# 键盘控制贪吃蛇
screen.onkey(snake.up, "Up")
screen.onkey(snake.down, "Down")
screen.onkey(snake.left, "Left")
screen.onkey(snake.right, "Right")


game_is_on = True
while game_is_on:
    # 关闭动画需要更新屏幕
    screen.update()
    time.sleep(1)
    snake.move()

    # 检测是否吃到食物
    if snake.head.distance(food) < 15:
        food.refresh()
        scoreboard.increase_score()

    # 检测是否碰到墙壁
    if snake.head.xcor() > 280 or snake.head.xcor() < -280 or snake.head.ycor() > 280 or snake.head.ycor() < -280:
        game_is_on = False
        scoreboard.game_over()

# 设置点击退出屏幕
screen.exitonclick()

绘制效果，如下所示

检测自身碰撞

snake.py 文件内容

from turtle import Turtle

STARTING_POSITION = [(0, 0), (-20, 0), (-40, 0)]
MOVE_DISTANCE = 20
UP = 90
DOWN = 270
LEFT = 180
RIGHT = 0

class Snake:
    def __init__(self):
        self.segments = []
        self.create_snake()
        self.head = self.segments[0]

    def create_snake(self):
        for position in STARTING_POSITION:
            self.add_segment(position)

    def add_segment(self, position):
        """增加节点"""
        new_segment = Turtle("square")
        new_segment.color("white")
        new_segment.speed("fastest")
        # 不显示轨迹线
        new_segment.penup()
        new_segment.goto(position)
        self.segments.append(new_segment)

    def extend_segment(self):
        """扩展节点"""
        # 尾部添加节点
        self.add_segment(self.segments[-1].position())

    def move(self):
        for seg_num in range(len(self.segments) - 1, 0, -1):
            # 上一个节点的坐标
            new_x = self.segments[seg_num - 1].xcor()
            new_y = self.segments[seg_num - 1].ycor()
            # 当前节点移动到上一个节点
            self.segments[seg_num].goto(new_x, new_y)
        self.head.forward(MOVE_DISTANCE)

    def up(self):
        """向上移动"""
        if self.head.heading() != DOWN:
            self.head.setheading(UP)


    def down(self):
        """向下移动"""
        if self.head.heading() != UP:
            self.head.setheading(DOWN)

    def left(self):
        """向左移动"""
        if self.head.heading() != RIGHT:
            self.head.setheading(LEFT)

    def right(self):
        """向右移动"""
        if self.head.heading() != LEFT:
            self.head.setheading(RIGHT)

main.py 文件内容

from turtle import Screen
import time
from snake import Snake
from food import Food
from scoreboard import Scoreboard

screen = Screen()
# 设置屏幕大小
screen.setup(width=600, height=600)
# 设置背景颜色
screen.bgcolor("black")
# 设置标题
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
# 关闭动画
screen.tracer(0)
# 监听Screen
screen.listen()

snake = Snake()
# 创建食物
food = Food()

# 创建记分牌
scoreboard = Scoreboard()


# 键盘控制贪吃蛇
screen.onkey(snake.up, "Up")
screen.onkey(snake.down, "Down")
screen.onkey(snake.left, "Left")
screen.onkey(snake.right, "Right")


game_is_on = True
while game_is_on:
    # 关闭动画需要更新屏幕
    screen.update()
    time.sleep(1)
    snake.move()

    # 检测是否吃到食物
    if snake.head.distance(food) < 15:
        # 刷新食物
        food.refresh()
        # 增加分值
        scoreboard.increase_score()
        # 拓展贪吃蛇
        snake.extend_segment()

    # 检测是否碰到墙壁
    if snake.head.xcor() > 280 or snake.head.xcor() < -280 or snake.head.ycor() > 280 or snake.head.ycor() < -280:
        game_is_on = False
        scoreboard.game_over()

    # 检测贪吃蛇是否碰到自己
    for segment in snake.segments:
        if segment == snake.head:
            pass
        elif segment.distance(snake.head) < 10:
            game_is_on = False
            scoreboard.game_over()

# 设置点击退出屏幕
screen.exitonclick()

绘制效果，如下所示

切片 slice

Python 中使用 slice 对列表以及元组进行操作

# 列表 list 中切片 slice 的使用
# list[start:stop:step]
# start - 开始位置
# stop - 结束位置
# step - 间距
piano_keys = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g"]

# 获取列表中间部分
print(piano_keys[2:5]) # ['c', 'd', 'e']

# 获取列表某个位置到尾部
print(piano_keys[2:]) # ['c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']

# 获取列表头部到某个位置
print(piano_keys[:5]) # ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

# 获取整个列表
print(piano_keys[:]) # ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']

# 获取列表中间部分，间距为 2
print(piano_keys[2:5:2]) # ['c', 'e']

# 获取整个列表，间距为 2
print(piano_keys[::2]) # ['a', 'c', 'e', 'g']

# 获取整个列表，间距为 -1 ,相当于列表反转
print(piano_keys[::-1]) #  ['g', 'f', 'e', 'd', 'c', 'b', 'a']

# 元组中切片的使用与列表相同

检测自身碰撞的代码，可以精简为如下代码

# 检测贪吃蛇是否碰到自己
for segment in snake.segments[1:]:
    if segment.distance(snake.head) < 10:
        game_is_on = False
        scoreboard.game_over()

snakeGame 完整代码

下载

zip文件

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THE END

Python
# 100 Days Of Code

Day 21 – 贪吃蛇（下）

类继承

检测食物与碰撞

创建记分牌记录分值

检测墙壁

检测自身碰撞

切片 slice

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